Radiology is a branch of medical science that deals with imaging the body parts for medical purposes. This particular medical science has made it possible to take the images of the interior and dense body parts. X rays are mainly used for imaging purposes. It is a study of the human body using the images generated through regulated radiation. These images are used to diagnose any internal disorders and in turn treat them through proper medicine. The radiology specialist is known as a radiologist. The radiologist practices and study’s the medical imaging techniques like CT (Computerized Tomography) scans, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans, X-rays etc. that help in analyzing any problems in the human body.
Following are some of the important radiology applications that are prominently used these days for various medical treatments.
1. Interventional Radiology (IR)
IR or sometimes called as VIR (Vascular and Interventional Radiology) is one of the sub specialties of radiology. It is also known as the Image Guided Surgery. It is done for both diagnosis and treatment purposes. The diagnostic procedure is known as Angiogram and the treatment procedure is known as Angioplasty. The main objective of this sub specialty is to analyze and treat a disease using minimum intrusive techniques. The treatment process is done using catheters and needles. The image provides a guided map that helps in inserting the instruments carefully in the infected area of the patient’s body. This technique helps in reducing the level of pain to the patient and also the chances of getting an infection are reduced. It helps in quick recovery without staying in the hospital for longer durations.
2. Computerized Tomography (CT Scan)
This technique uses two dimensional X-rays to create a three dimensional image of the internal body with the help of Digital Geometry Processing. In CT, the patient is exposed to more ionized radiations as compared to the radiography. In this technique, an X-ray tube placed opposite to an X-ray detector in ring shaped equipment revolves around the patient. This helps in producing a tomogram (cross sectional image generated by a computer). Radio contrasting agents can be used to enhance the demarcation of the disease. It is used in diagnosing cerebral hemorrhage, aortic dissection, kidney stones and pulmonary embolism.
3. Ultrasound
It is a cyclical sound pressure having a greater frequency than the maximum frequency of human hearing. The upper limit of human hearing frequency is 20000 hertz approx. in young healthy adult people. It is used to penetrate an object and measure the reflection. The reflection can disclose the inner details of the structure. The most well known technique of ultrasound is sonography which is used to generate images of the fetus in the woman’s womb. This application does not make use of ionized radiations as compared to the radiography and therefore it is considered safer. Nowadays this technique can generate 3D images and in the store are latest equipments that will be able to produce 4D real time images.
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